SMRTR TechAug 23, 2026Wired

Transistors Changed Everything. Here’s How They Work

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Transistors, invented at Bell Labs in 1947, replaced bulky vacuum tubes and hot, room-sized computers by using semiconductors to act as tiny, controllable switches. This miniaturization made modern electronics possible; today's iPhone contains 30 billion transistors, powering everything from smartphones to AI.

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