US’ inverted D plasma research leads to breakthrough in nuclear fusion reactor control

Scientists at DIII-D National Fusion Facility achieved a breakthrough using a "negative triangularity" plasma configuration. This inverted "D" shape produced high-performance fusion conditions while better managing heat—a critical challenge for practical fusion power. The 2023 experiments demonstrated stable conditions meeting or exceeding future fusion plant requirements, with high pressure, current, and density alongside good heat confinement. Researchers also achieved high plasma confinement with "divertor detachment," creating a protective cooler boundary layer for the reactor's interior walls.