Scientists develop nanophotonic material that changes color, texture, and shape on demand

Stanford researchers accidentally discovered a polymer material that can change its color and texture when exposed to water, mimicking octopus camouflage abilities. Using electron-beam lithography, they created microscopic patterns that scatter light differently, producing glossy or matte surfaces that return to their original state with alcohol-based solvents. The team plans to develop this breakthrough into artificial skin for robots, advanced camouflage systems, and AI-powered adaptive surfaces that automatically adjust to surroundings.