SMRTR Science & EngineeringJan 25, 2026Scientific American

Scientists create exotic new forms of ice never before seen on Earth

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Scientists have discovered ice XXI, a new exotic form of frozen water created under extreme conditions of 3,000 times atmospheric pressure, bringing the total number of known ice structures to over 20. Using an ultra-fast x-ray laser, researchers captured this fleeting crystalline formation that exists only briefly under supercompressed conditions, potentially revealing ice forms that might exist on other planets.

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