Matter waves rotate in the complex plane, driving rotation in electromagnetic fields that spread outward, creating phase differences across nearby charged particles — producing the electric force we observe.

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Science & Engineering

Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) describes how charged particles like electrons interact with electromagnetic fields. Matter waves rotate in the complex plane, which drives rotation in the electromagnetic field, spreading outward and causing phase differences across nearby particles — producing the electric force we observe.

Intuitive Quantum Electrodynamics

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