Can orbital refueling save spaceflight from debris?

Space agencies are returning to the Moon while commercial companies launch massive satellite constellations, creating a crowded and debris-filled Low Earth Orbit with over 22,000 satellites launched since the 1960s. On-orbit refueling technology could address this space junk crisis by extending satellite lifespans beyond their typical 4-8 years, preventing them from becoming defunct debris that threatens operational spacecraft. Amazon recently partnered with startup Arkisys to develop satellite refueling using orbital platforms called "The Port," while SpaceX, Project Kuiper, and China's Spacesail plan to deploy thousands more satellites. This refueling approach could transform satellites from single-use technology into reusable assets, potentially preventing the catastrophic cascade of collisions known as the Kessler Effect.