Are your memories real? Physicists revisit the Boltzmann brain paradox

The "Boltzmann brain" hypothesis suggests our memories could be random illusions produced by entropy fluctuations rather than records of real past events. A new study by physicists David Wolpert, Carlo Rovelli, and Jordan Scharnhorst reveals that many arguments about memory and entropy rely on circular reasoning — using assumptions about the past to prove conclusions that then justify those same assumptions.