What are the event loop and call stack in JavaScript?

JavaScript's runtime architecture, comprising the call stack, Web APIs, task queues, and event loop, enhances its single-threaded nature. This system enables asynchronous operations without freezing the application. The call stack manages execution, while Web APIs handle time-consuming tasks externally. Task queues prioritize callbacks, with the event loop coordinating execution. Web Workers allow CPU-intensive tasks to run in separate threads, improving performance. This architecture enables JavaScript to handle complex operations efficiently while maintaining simplicity.