SMRTR AIApr 20, 2026Giles Thomas Blog

Writing an LLM from scratch -- Updated instruction fine-tuning results

SMRTR summary

A developer tested instruction fine-tuning on multiple GPT-2-style language models to evaluate real-world usefulness beyond technical loss metrics. Despite expectations that lower loss would correlate with better instruction-following, results showed surprising inconsistencies, with some high-performing models scoring poorly and models trained on educational data outperforming technically superior ones. The findings suggest that a model's position in the loss landscape doesn't guarantee good performance after instruction fine-tuning, indicating that chasing lower loss alone may not produce the most useful models.

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